Bluff Crest shapefile for the Pennsylvania Lake Erie shoreline 2007

• Identification_Information
• Spatial_Data_Organization_Information
• Spatial_Reference_Information
• Entity_and_Attribute_Information
• Distribution_Information
• Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator:Pennsylvania Sea Grant

Title:

Bluff Crest shapefile for the Pennsylvania Lake Erie shoreline 2007

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form:vector digital data

Online_Linkage: https://seagrant.psu.edu/

Online_Linkage: https://www.pasda.psu.edu/

Description:

Abstract:

The goal of this project is to apply the latest in remote sensing technology to map the Lake Erie shoreline in Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania has 77 miles of Lake Erie shoreline contanined entirely within Erie County. Most of the shoreline consists of bluff geomorphologies ranging in height from 5 to 180 feet above the lake level. A bluff is a high bank or bold headland with a broad precipitous cliff face overlooking a lake or sea. Notable exceptions include the mouths of major tributaries and Presque Isle, adjacent to the City of Erie. Nearly all of the shoreline is designated as Bluff Recession Hazard Areas (BRHA) under the framework established in the Bluff Recession and Setback Act (the Act) and companion regulations in Pa. Code Title 25, Chapter 85. Municipalities having BRHAs designated within their jurisdictions are required to enact specific setback ordinances relating to construction and development activities occurring within the BRHAs.The bluff crest is the edge of the bluff.

Purpose:

Along the Pennsylvania Lake Erie coast, the lake abuts against an elevated tableland consisting of Devonian sandstone and shale bedrocks overlain with glacial clay/silt and fine grained (sandy) post-glacial lake deposits. Most of the shoreline is in an active state of erosion and bluff recession, with bluff recession rates greatest in areas where the upper limit of the underlying bedrock is at or below the lake elevation. Wave action in these areas erodes the soft sediments along the base of the bluff, particularly during storm events and periods of prolonged elevated lake levels. The upper bluff regions are then destabilized and collapse onto the shore. Weather and hydrostatic groundwater pressure facilitate further erosion of the bluff face until eventually re-attaining an angle of repose with a newly established bluff crest landward of the original crest. USGS/PA Coastal Resources Management studies have estimated the long term average rate of bluff recession at approximately 1 foot per year. Shorter-term rates can be near zero along stable, protected bluffs or bluffs with bedrock at lake level. In less stable zones of more active erosion, several yards of bluff retreat can occur during an instantaneous catastrophic collapse. Bluff recession along the Lake Erie shoreline directly results in losses to the local economy. The costs associated with bluff recession include: - Real estate losses (land) – acreage lost to erosion - Structural property losses – buildings, vehicles, infrastructure, etc. damaged or destroyed during catastrophic bluff collapse - Mitigation expenses – the development of shoreline protection structures, environmental debris cleanup and disposal.

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate:-80.533468

East_Bounding_Coordinate:-79.749411

North_Bounding_Coordinate:42.270150

South_Bounding_Coordinate:41.976399

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus:ISO 19115 Topic Categories

Theme_Keyword:inlandWaters

Access_Constraints:None

Use_Constraints:

None

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization:Pennsylvania Sea Grant - Penn State University

Contact_Person:Sean D. Rafferty

Contact_Position:Senior Research and Outreach Specialist

Contact_Address:

Address_Type:mailing and physical address

Address:

Tom Ridge Environmental Center

Address:

301 Peninsula Dr., Suite 3

City:Erie

State_or_Province:Pennsylvania

Postal_Code:16505

Country:USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone:814-217-9011 ext 102

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address:sdr138@psu.edu

Hours_of_Service:unknown

Native_Data_Set_Environment:

Version 6.2 (Build 9200) ; Esri ArcGIS 10.3.1.4959

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method:Vector

Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:

SDTS_Terms_Description:

SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type:String

Point_and_Vector_Object_Count:108

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Planar:

Map_Projection:

Lambert_Conformal_Conic:

Standard_Parallel:40.88333333333333

Standard_Parallel:41.95

Longitude_of_Central_Meridian:-77.75

Latitude_of_Projection_Origin:40.16666666666666

False_Easting:1968500.0

False_Northing:0.0

Planar_Coordinate_Information:

Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method:coordinate pair

Coordinate_Representation:

Abscissa_Resolution:0.000000026822588594654923

Ordinate_Resolution:0.000000026822588594654923

Planar_Distance_Units:foot_us

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name:D North American 1983 HARN

Ellipsoid_Name:GRS 1980

Semi-major_Axis:6378137.0

Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio:298.257222101

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label:Bluff_Crest_2007

Attribute:

Attribute_Label:FID

Attribute_Definition:

Internal feature number.

Attribute_Definition_Source:

Esri

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label:Shape

Attribute_Definition:

Feature geometry.

Attribute_Definition_Source:

Esri

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Coordinates defining the features.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label:ID

Attribute:

Attribute_Label:CREATED

Attribute:

Attribute_Label:DATECREATE

Attribute:

Attribute_Label:Shape_Leng

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization:Pennsylvania Spatial Data Access (PASDA)

Contact_Address:

Address_Type:mailing and physical address

Address:

115 Land and Water building

City:University Park

State_or_Province:Pennsylvania

Postal_Code:16802

Country:United States

Contact_Voice_Telephone:(814) 865 - 8792

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address:pasda@psu.edu

Distribution_Liability:

The USER shall indemnify, save harmless, and, if requested, defend those parties involved with the development and distribution of this data, their officers, agents, and employees from and against any suits, claims, or actions for injury, death, or property damage arising out of the use of or any defect in the FILES or any accompanying documentation. Those parties involved with the development and distribution excluded any and all implied warranties, including warranties or merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose and makes no warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the FILES or accompanying documentation, including its quality, performance, merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose. The FILES and documentation are provided "as is" and the USER assumes the entire risk as to its quality and performance. Those parties involved with the development and distribution of this data will not be liable for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages arising out of the use or inability to use the FILES or any accompanying documentation.

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date:20210809

Metadata_Standard_Name:FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata_Standard_Version:FGDC-STD-001-1998

Metadata_Time_Convention:local time