USGS QL1 LiDAR for Allentown, PA 2016 - Orthophotos

• Identification_Information
• Data_Quality_Information
• Spatial_Data_Organization_Information
• Spatial_Reference_Information
• Entity_and_Attribute_Information
• Distribution_Information
• Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator:Quantum Spatial

Publication_Date:2016

Title:

USGS QL1 LiDAR for Allentown, PA 2016 - Orthophotos

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form:remote-sensing image

Online_Linkage: http://www.pasda.psu.edu

Description:

Abstract:

This data set consists of 7.5-centimeter, 4-band natural color orthoimages covering approximately 20 square miles over Allentown in eastern Pennsylvania. An orthoimage is remotely sensed image data in which displacement of features in the image caused by terrain relief and variations in aircraft altitude and orientation have been mathematically removed. Orthoimagery combines the image characteristics of a photograph with the geometric qualities of a map. For a 7.5-centimeter GSD Ortho image, the horizontal positional accuracy was designed not to exceed 0.38 meters NSSDA 95% confidence. This dataset consists of uncompressed ortho photo tiles formatted as 16-bit, 4-band (RGB-IR), uncompressed, GeoTIFF images with TIF world files. A total of 129 total tiles were produced in State Plane Pennsylvania South Zone, US Survey Feet. Tile size is 2,500 feet x 2,500 ft and uses the client-provided tile index's naming schema. There is no image overlap between adjacent files. Aerial photography was captured during the Spring of 2016 on the following flight dates: March 30, 2016. The Nominal Acquisition Altitude of 4,200 (AGL) was used to capture the 7.5-cm imagery. The DMC IIe large format digital camera was used to capture four band (RGB-IR) imagery at 14 bits. Minimum, maximum, and mean differential baseline lengths were generated for the project.

Purpose:

This data depicts geographic features on the surface of the earth. It was created to provide easily accessible geospatial data to enhance the capability of Federal, State, and local emergency responders, as well as plan for homeland security efforts. This data also supports The National Map.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date:20160330

Currentness_Reference:

ground condition

Status:

Progress:Complete

Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency:None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate:-75.557001119897

East_Bounding_Coordinate:-75.4113585764082

North_Bounding_Coordinate:40.6416381950144

South_Bounding_Coordinate:40.5461340160323

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus:ISO 19115 Category

Theme_Keyword:rectified image

Theme_Keyword:image map

Theme_Keyword:orthoimage

Theme_Keyword:natural color orthophoto

Theme_Keyword:rectified photograph

Theme_Keyword:7.5 centimeter orthoimage

Theme_Keyword:orthophoto

Theme_Keyword:imageryBaseMapsEarthCover

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus:U.S. Department of Commerce, 1995, Countries, dependencies, areas of special sovereignty, and their principal administrative divisions, Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 10-4): Washington, D.C., National Institute of Standards and Technology.

Place_Keyword:US

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus:U.S. Department of Commerce, 1987, Codes for the Identification of the States, the District of Columbia and the outlying areas of the United States, and associated areas (Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 5-2): Washington, D.C., National Institute of Standards and Technology.

Place_Keyword:US

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus:None

Place_Keyword:United States

Place_Keyword:US

Place_Keyword:Pennsylvania

Place_Keyword:PA

Place_Keyword:Lehigh County

Place_Keyword:Allentown

Access_Constraints:None

Use_Constraints:

			None.  However, users should be aware that temporal changes may have occurred since this data set was collected and that some parts of this data may no longer represent actual surface conditions.  Users should not use this data for critical applications without a full awareness of its limitations.
Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey would be appreciated for products derived from these data.
		

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization:Quantum Spatial, Data Acquisition Department

Contact_Person:Chris Holder

Contact_Address:

Address_Type:mailing and physical address

Address:

523 Wellington Way

City:Lexington

State_or_Province:KY

Postal_Code:40503

Country:UNITED STATES

Contact_Voice_Telephone:859-277-8700

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone:859-277-8901

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address:cholder@quantumspatial.com

Hours_of_Service:Monday through Friday 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM (Eastern Time)

Contact Instructions:

If unable to reach the contact by telephone, please send an email. You should get a response within 24 hours

Data_Set_Credit:

Quantum Spatial, Inc.

Native_Data_Set_Environment:

Windows 7 OS; Microsoft Office products (Word, Excel, Internet Explorer, and Access); MicroStation version 8; Intergraph suite of products; Esri ArcGIS 10; UltraEdit; Global Mapper; GeoExpress 9

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

				Radiometry is verified by visual inspection of the digital orthophoto.  Slight systematic radiometric differences may exist between adjacent orthoimage files; these are due primarily to differences in source image capture dates and sun angles along flight lines. These differences can be observed in an image's general lightness or darkness when it is compared to adjacent orthoimage file coverages. Tonal balancing may be performed over a group of images during the mosaicking process which may serve to lighten or darken adjacent images for better color tone matching.
			

Logical_Consistency_Report:

			All GeoTIFF tagged data and image file sizes are validated using commercial GIS software to ensure proper loading before being archived.   This validation procedure ensures correct physical format and field values for tagged elements.  Seamlines and tile edges are visually inspected.  Seamline mismatches are corrected unless the overall displacement is less than one pixel.
		

Completeness_Report:

			Orthoimages are visually inspected for completeness to ensure that no gaps or image misplacements exist within and between adjacent images. These images are derived by mosaicking multiple images to ensure complete coverage. Source imagery is cloud free.
		

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

					Please see the Accuracy Analyst report for a detailed report showing the 14 control points measured to produce the NSSDA value of 0.199 meters (0.652 feet). This meets the required value of 0.38 meters (1.247 feet).
				

Quantitative_Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Value:0.199

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation:

NSSDA in meters.

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

There is no vertical component for orthophotos.

Lineage:

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator:Herbert, Rowland, and Grubic, Inc.

Publication_Date:2016

Title:

GPS Photo Control Survey: Allentown, PA

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form:vector digital data and tabular data

Type_of_Source_Media:online

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date:2016

Source_Currentness_Reference:

ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation:

CONTROL

Source_Contribution:

					Quantum Spatial partnered with Herbert, Rowland, and Grubic, Inc. to perform a geodetic control survey in support of the digital orthophoto production project. A total of 14 photo identifiable objects and pre-flight targeting was used to provide ground based photo control. Please see the survey report for more information.
				

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator:Richard Crouse and Associates

Publication_Date:2016

Title:

Georeferenced Single Frames

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form:remote-sensing image

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place:Frederick, MD

Publisher:Richard Crouse and Associates

Type_of_Source_Media:external hard drive

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date:20160330

Source_Currentness_Reference:

ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation:

PHOTO

Source_Contribution:

					Aerial imagery was acquired using DMC IIe large format cameras with a flight design that included a total of 18 exposures in 361 flight lines. Aerial imagery was supplemented with the simultaneous acquisition of airborne GPS/IMU data, which captured the ground coordinate for the nadir point of each photograph. Aerial imagery was exposed at an altitude of 4,200 above mean terrain.
				

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator:Quantum Spatial

Publication_Date:2016

Title:

Aerotriangulation

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form:model

Type_of_Source_Media:online

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date:20160330

Source_Currentness_Reference:

ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation:

AT

Source_Contribution:

					Softcopy aerotriangulation was performed utilizing the airborne GPS/IMU data, GPS ground control and image coordinate measurements allowing the direct computation of the exterior orientation parameters for each image of the project.
					Maximum, minimum, and mean baseline lengths are as follows:
					For Mar 30, 2016-A (N59848, DMC2-017), the max length was 16.89 km, min length was 4.56 km, and mean length was 10.725 km.
				

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator:Quantum Spatial, Inc.

Publication_Date:2016

Title:

DEM/DTM

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form:model

Type_of_Source_Media:online

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date:20160326

Source_Currentness_Reference:

ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation:

DEM

Source_Contribution:

					A compilation of topographic land form elevation datasets developed through photogrammetric data capture and/or LiDAR provided from various sources for use in developing digital ortho imagery. Although the pilot was processed with DEMs, the final project will use higher quality surfaces.
				

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

					Digital aerial imagery was obtained using a large format DMC II e equipped with Airborne GPS/IMU.  A total of 18 flight lines with 361 frames were collected in the spring of 2016 in multi-spectral (RGB-IR) 16-bit format.  The 7.5-centimeter imagery was acquired at an altitude above mean terrain of 4,200 to yield a pixel resolution suitable for photogrammetric mapping and orthophoto production.  The imagery was collected under conditions free from clouds and cloud shadows, smoke, fog, haze, light streaks, snow, ice on water bodies, flooding, excessive soil moisture, and foliage. In order to minimize shadow conditions, imagery was obtained during the period of the day when the sun angle was greater than 30 degrees.  The imagery consisted of blue, green, red, and infrared bands.  Imagery for the photogrammetric mapping and digital orthophotos was captured according to the USGS Contract No. G16PC00016, Task Order No.: G16PD00442 regarding, snow, haze and cloud cover, and modified as appropriate to accommodate the requirements specific to DMC IIe technologies and as specified in this scope of work.
				

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:

RAWs

Process_Date:2016

Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation:

Georefs

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

					A total of 32 ground based photo control points were established throughout the project area using a combination of conventional and GPS survey methods in order to support softcopy aerotriangulation and photogrammetric mapping meeting the accuracies specified in this Scope of Work. Ground control collection followed requirements set forth in USGS Contract No. G16PC00016, Task Order No.: G16PD00442, and were modified as appropriate to accommodate the specifications related to ABGPS collection specific to these end photogrammetric mapping requirements. Please see the survey report for more information.
				

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:

Geodetic control

Process_Date:2016

Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation:

Control

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

					Softcopy aerotriangulation was performed on 1 large block of imagery. The airborne GPS/IMU data, GPS ground control, and image coordinate measurements were utilized to allow the direct computation of the exterior orientation parameters for each image frame to support the photogrammetric process and orthophoto production.  The adjusted Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of all horizontal and vertical control points used for adjustment was 1.0 foot or better.  At the same time, residuals on any horizontal or vertical control point did not exceed plus or minus 0.75 feet.  The ground survey coordinates were within two times the RMSE (two feet) of the corresponding AT derived coordinates.
				

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:

ABGPS

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:

Control

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:

RAWs

Process_Date:2016

Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation:

AT

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

					This process involved the development of seamless topographic landform elevation dataset utilizing the LiDAR data collected as part of this task order to support the production of digital orthophotography that meet or exceed required orthophoto horizontal accuracy. The topographic features included a grid of elevation points and may include break lines that define ridges, valleys, edge of water, transportation features and abrupt changes in elevation.  The final DTM is suitable for orthophoto production only (not suitable for contour generation).  The DTM is used to then generate a Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) to support orthophoto production.
				

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:

DTM

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:

DEM

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:

LiDAR

Process_Date:2016

Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation:

DTM/DEM

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

					Utilizing all four bands [blue (B), green (G), red(R), and infrared (IR)] digital orthorectification was performed using bilinear interpolation algorithms resulting in a spatial and radiometric transformation of the digital image from line/sample space into the NAD83 (2011) State Plane Pennsylvania South Zone, US Survey Feet. The interior and exterior orientation parameters from the aerotriangulation process were used to project each pixel into the ground coordinate system, while the ortho grade DEM/DTM was used to correct for relief displacement. Radiometric correction software and techniques were used to create orthophoto files that minimize the appearance of image seams and without loss of feature signature. Orthophotos are checked for geometric accuracy, image quality, and are tonally balanced to produce a uniform contrast and tone across the entire project. The individual overlapping orthophoto frames were mosaicked together.  The ortho photos meet a horizontal accuracy of 0.38 meters (1.247 feet) or less at 95% confidence level when compared to higher accuracy check points based on NSSDA testing standards.
				

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:

Georefs

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:

AT

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:

Control

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:

DTM/DEM

Process_Date:2016

Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation:

Orthos

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

	    			A single mosaic of the orthoimagery was produced for the entire AOI. LizardTech GeoExpress software version 9.1 was used to generate 4-band mosaics in MrSID Generation 4 format at a compression ratio of 80:1.
	    		

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:

Orthos

Process_Date:2016

Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation:

Mosaic

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method:Raster

Raster_Object_Information:

Raster_Object_Type:pixel

Row_Count:10000

Column_Count:10000

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Planar:

Grid_Coordinate_System:

Grid_Coordinate_System_Name:State Plane Coordinate System

State_Plane_Coordinate_System:

SPCS_Zone_Identifier:2800

Lambert_Conformal_Conic:

Standard_Parallel:39.93333333333333

Longitude_of_Central_Meridian:-77.75

Latitude_of_Projection_Origin:39.33333333333334

False_Easting:1968500.0

False_Northing:0.0

Planar_Coordinate_Information:

Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method:row and column

Coordinate_Representation:

Abscissa_Resolution:0.25

Ordinate_Resolution:0.25

Planar_Distance_Units:survey feet

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name:North American Datum of 1983 (2011)

Ellipsoid_Name:Geodetic Reference System 80

Semi-major_Axis:6378137.0

Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio:298.257222101

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Overview_Description:

Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

				Four band orthoimagery is organized in four color bands or channels which represent the red, green, blue (RGB), and near infrared (IR) portions of the spectrum.  Each image pixel is assigned a quadruplet of numeric values, one for each color band.  Numeric values range from 0 to 255.
			

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:

U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996, Standards for Digital Orthophotos: Reston, VA.

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization:Pennsylvania Spatial Data Access (PASDA)

Contact_Address:

Address_Type:mailing and physical address

Address:

115 Land and Water building

City:University Park

State_or_Province:Pennsylvania

Postal_Code:16802

Country:United States

Contact_Voice_Telephone:(814) 865 - 8792

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address:pasda@psu.edu

Distribution_Liability:

 The USER shall indemnify, save harmless, and, if requested, defend those parties involved with the development and distribution of this data, their officers, agents, and employees from and against any suits, claims, or actions for injury, death, or property damage arising out of the use of or any defect in the FILES or any accompanying documentation. Those parties involved with the development and distribution excluded any and all implied warranties, including warranties or merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose and makes no warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the FILES or accompanying documentation, including its quality, performance, merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose. The FILES and documentation are provided "as is" and the USER assumes the entire risk as to its quality and performance. Those parties involved with the development and distribution of this data will not be liable for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages arising out of the use or inability to use the FILES or any accompanying documentation.

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date:20160906

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization:Quantum Spatial

Contact_Person:Sarah Zibart

Contact_Address:

Address_Type:mailing and physical

Address:

523 Wellington Way

City:Lexington

State_or_Province:KY

Postal_Code:40503

Country:USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone:859-277-8700

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone:859-277-8901

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address:szibart@quantumspatial.com

Hours_of_Service:Monday through Friday 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM (Eastern Time)

Contact Instructions:

If unable to reach the contact by telephone, please send an email. You should get a response within 24 hours.

Metadata_Standard_Name:FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata_Standard_Version:FGDC-STD-001-1998

Metadata_Access_Constraints:None.

Metadata_Use_Constraints:

None.

Metadata_Security_Information:

Metadata_Security_Classification_System:None.

Metadata_Security_Classification:Unclassified

Metadata_Security_Handling_Description:

NONE