Bluff Crest shapefile for the Pennsylvania Lake Erie shoreline 2012


Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:Pennsylvania Sea Grant
Title:
Bluff Crest shapefile for the Pennsylvania Lake Erie shoreline 2012
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form:vector digital data
Online_Linkage: https://seagrant.psu.edu/
Online_Linkage: https://www.pasda.psu.edu/
Description:
Abstract:
The goal of this project is to apply the latest in remote sensing technology to map the Lake Erie shoreline in Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania has 77 miles of Lake Erie shoreline contanined entirely within Erie County. Most of the shoreline consists of bluff geomorphologies ranging in height from 5 to 180 feet above the lake level. A bluff is a high bank or bold headland with a broad precipitous cliff face overlooking a lake or sea. Notable exceptions include the mouths of major tributaries and Presque Isle, adjacent to the City of Erie. Nearly all of the shoreline is designated as Bluff Recession Hazard Areas (BRHA) under the framework established in the Bluff Recession and Setback Act (the Act) and companion regulations in Pa. Code Title 25, Chapter 85. Municipalities having BRHAs designated within their jurisdictions are required to enact specific setback ordinances relating to construction and development activities occurring within the BRHAs.The bluff crest is the edge of the bluff.
Purpose:
Along the Pennsylvania Lake Erie coast, the lake abuts against an elevated tableland consisting of Devonian sandstone and shale bedrocks overlain with glacial clay/silt and fine grained (sandy) post-glacial lake deposits. Most of the shoreline is in an active state of erosion and bluff recession, with bluff recession rates greatest in areas where the upper limit of the underlying bedrock is at or below the lake elevation. Wave action in these areas erodes the soft sediments along the base of the bluff, particularly during storm events and periods of prolonged elevated lake levels. The upper bluff regions are then destabilized and collapse onto the shore. Weather and hydrostatic groundwater pressure facilitate further erosion of the bluff face until eventually re-attaining an angle of repose with a newly established bluff crest landward of the original crest. USGS/PA Coastal Resources Management studies have estimated the long term average rate of bluff recession at approximately 1 foot per year. Shorter-term rates can be near zero along stable, protected bluffs or bluffs with bedrock at lake level. In less stable zones of more active erosion, several yards of bluff retreat can occur during an instantaneous catastrophic collapse. Bluff recession along the Lake Erie shoreline directly results in losses to the local economy. The costs associated with bluff recession include: - Real estate losses (land) – acreage lost to erosion - Structural property losses – buildings, vehicles, infrastructure, etc. damaged or destroyed during catastrophic bluff collapse - Mitigation expenses – the development of shoreline protection structures, environmental debris cleanup and disposal,
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate:-80.533467
East_Bounding_Coordinate:-79.749411
North_Bounding_Coordinate:42.270150
South_Bounding_Coordinate:41.976397
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus:ISO 19115 Topic Categories
Theme_Keyword:inlandWaters
Access_Constraints:None
Use_Constraints:
None
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:Pennsylvania Sea Grant - Penn State University
Contact_Person:Sean D. Rafferty
Contact_Position:Senior Research and Outreach Specialist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type:mailing and physical address
Address:
Tom Ridge Environmental Center
Address:
301 Peninsula Dr., Suite 3
City:Erie
State_or_Province:Pennsylvania
Postal_Code:16505
Country:USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone:814-217-9011 ext 102
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address:sdr138@psu.edu
Hours_of_Service:unknown
Native_Data_Set_Environment:
Version 6.2 (Build 9200) ; Esri ArcGIS 10.3.1.4959
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Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method:Vector
Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:
SDTS_Terms_Description:
SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type:String
Point_and_Vector_Object_Count:143
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Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Map_Projection:
Lambert_Conformal_Conic:
Standard_Parallel:40.88333333333333
Standard_Parallel:41.95
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian:-77.75
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin:40.16666666666666
False_Easting:1968500.0
False_Northing:0.0
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method:coordinate pair
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution:0.000000026822588594654923
Ordinate_Resolution:0.000000026822588594654923
Planar_Distance_Units:foot_us
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name:D North American 1983 HARN
Ellipsoid_Name:GRS 1980
Semi-major_Axis:6378137.0
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio:298.257222101
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Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label:Bluff_Crest_2012
Attribute:
Attribute_Label:FID
Attribute_Definition:
Internal feature number.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Esri
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label:Shape
Attribute_Definition:
Feature geometry.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Esri
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Coordinates defining the features.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label:ID
Attribute:
Attribute_Label:CREATED
Attribute:
Attribute_Label:DATECREATE
Attribute:
Attribute_Label:Shape_Leng
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Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:Pennsylvania Spatial Data Access (PASDA)
Contact_Address:
Address_Type:mailing and physical address
Address:
115 Land and Water building
City:University Park
State_or_Province:Pennsylvania
Postal_Code:16802
Country:United States
Contact_Voice_Telephone:(814) 865 - 8792
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address:pasda@psu.edu
Distribution_Liability:
The USER shall indemnify, save harmless, and, if requested, defend those parties involved with the development and distribution of this data, their officers, agents, and employees from and against any suits, claims, or actions for injury, death, or property damage arising out of the use of or any defect in the FILES or any accompanying documentation. Those parties involved with the development and distribution excluded any and all implied warranties, including warranties or merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose and makes no warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the FILES or accompanying documentation, including its quality, performance, merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose. The FILES and documentation are provided "as is" and the USER assumes the entire risk as to its quality and performance. Those parties involved with the development and distribution of this data will not be liable for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages arising out of the use or inability to use the FILES or any accompanying documentation.
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Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date:20210809
Metadata_Standard_Name:FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version:FGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata_Time_Convention:local time
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